Here are the basics you need to know about nucleic acid extraction
As one of the most basic experiments in molecular experiments, nucleic acid extraction is the basis of almost all experiments. No matter the subsequent cloning, PCR, qPCR, library construction and sequencing, etc., the nucleic acid is required to proceed smoothly. Here we will briefly understand the basic principles and methods of nucleic acid extraction.
Nucleic acid is a biological macromolecular compound composed of many nucleotides. It is one of the most basic substances of life. It is divided into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA can be divided into ribose according to different functions. somatic RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).
Nucleic acids are widely found in all animal and plant cells, microorganisms, and nucleic acids in organisms, often combined with proteins to form nucleoproteins. Different nucleic acids have different chemical compositions and nucleotide sequences.
DNA is mainly concentrated in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts, while RNA is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm.
What is nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid is a biological macromolecular compound composed of many nucleotides. It is one of the most basic substances of life. It is divided into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA can be divided into ribose according to different functions. somatic RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).
Nucleic acids are widely found in all animal and plant cells, microorganisms, and nucleic acids in organisms, often combined with proteins to form nucleoproteins. Different nucleic acids have different chemical compositions and nucleotide sequences.
DNA is mainly concentrated in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts, while RNA is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm.
What are the types of nucleic acid extraction?
1. Total RNA extraction
Of the total RNA, 75-85% is rRNA (mainly 28S-26S/23S and 18S/16S rRNA), and the rest is composed of mRNAs and small RNAs with different molecular weights and nucleotide sequences, such as tRNA, 5S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, miRNA, siRNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and nucleolar small RNA (small nucleolar RNA, snoRNA).
2. miRNA extraction
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved RNA molecules, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), that regulate the molecular expression of their cognate mRNAs by base-pairing with them to prevent expression through various mechanisms. They have become key regulators for development, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle.
3. Genomic DNA extraction
For gene structure and function research and gene diagnosis, the length of the obtained fragment is usually not less than 100-200kb. In the process of DNA extraction, various factors that cause DNA breakage and degradation should be avoided as much as possible to ensure the integrity of DNA and lay the foundation for subsequent experiments.
4. Plasmid extraction
The plasmid extraction method is to remove RNA, separate the plasmid from bacterial genomic DNA, and remove proteins and other impurities to obtain relatively pure plasmids.
What are the principles and requirements for nucleic acid extraction and purification?
1. Ensure the integrity of the primary structure of nucleic acid;
2. Eliminate the contamination of other molecules (such as RNA interference when extracting DNA);
3. There are no organic solvents and high concentrations of metal ions that have inhibitory effects on enzymes in nucleic acid samples;
4. The contamination of other biological macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipid molecules should be minimized;
5. Exclude the contamination of other nucleic acid molecules, such as RNA should be removed when extracting DNA molecules, and vice versa.
Professional manufacturer of Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA) Extraction and Analysis products supplier
GENETURE is a group company,we own two factories: Ascend and Dianrun,to provide one stop solution of Nucleic Acid Extraction and Analysis,including solution for COVID-19. Geneture provides high quality and professional Nucleic Acid Extraction Reagents, Lab consumables, Real-time PCR consumables and test machines.
GENETURE main products including: Nucleic acid extraction or purification kit,Automatic nucleic acid extractor, PCR system, PCR kit, Magnetic beads, and lab consumables of 96 well deep plate,Magnetic rod comb,PCR tube,PCR plate,Pipette tips,centrifuge tubes.
If you have any questions or any need for automatic nucleic acid extractor, you are welcome to contact us at any time.
Email: info@geneture.com
Mobile: +86 150 1002 8687